The foundations

What are the Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches (天干地支)?

A Bazi (八字) chart is written in two sets of characters: the Ten Heavenly Stems (天干) and the Twelve Earthly Branches (地支). Your Four Pillars pair one stem with one branch each — eight characters in total, which is exactly what the name Bazi, "Eight Characters," means.

The stems carry the five elements in their yin and yang forms; the branches carry the elements plus the twelve zodiac animals. Together they encode your birth time into a pattern the Ten Souls (十神) are then read from.

Stems, branches, and the sexagenary cycle

The ten stems are 甲乙丙丁戊己庚辛壬癸; the twelve branches are 子丑寅卯辰巳午未申酉戌亥. Pairing them produces the 60-combination sexagenary cycle (六十甲子), the ancient calendar that anchors every Bazi chart.

The Ten Heavenly Stems
StemElementPolarity
甲 (Jia)WoodYang
乙 (Yi)WoodYin
丙 (Bing)FireYang
丁 (Ding)FireYin
戊 (Wu)EarthYang
己 (Ji)EarthYin
庚 (Geng)MetalYang
辛 (Xin)MetalYin
壬 (Ren)WaterYang
癸 (Gui)WaterYin

Frequently asked

Why are there eight characters in Bazi?

Four pillars — year, month, day, hour — each made of one stem and one branch, gives eight characters total.

Do I need to memorize the stems and branches?

No. DecaSoul computes them for you automatically from your birth time — you only need to read the result.

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